Teledyne ISCO Samplers: Selection and Programming


Sampling studies of wastewater concentrate mainly on gathering samples of the influential or effluent in domestic and non-domestic facilities. There are many reasons why water or wastewater should be sampled. It is often a legal necessity, but it also helps safeguard surface water, track wastewater treatment procedures or identify discharges into a sewage system. Sampling activities are usually conducted for National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) compliance, compliance assistance, civil and criminal investigations, and water quality studies. Collection of wastewater samples is necessary in order to obtain reliable data that can support compliance or enforcement activities.

Teledyne ISCO automatic water samplers are the smart and time-tested way of sampling. Fully automated devices take samples from industrial and municipal sewage treatment plants, water management authorities and all industrial clients where reliable water sampling is essential.

This video presentation describes the selection and programming of Teledyne ISCO Samplers.

For more information, contact Advance Instruments by calling (888) 388-6446 or visit their web site at https://advanceinstruments.com.

The Top Three Reason Why Pressure Gauges Fail

Industrial pressure gauges
Industrial pressure gauges (NoShok)
Since the mid-eighteen hundreds, the technology used in today's pressure gages has been around, and the pressure gage is still one of today's most common pressure measurement methods. Today, most pressure gages still include the bourdon tube, socket, and geared motion along with a pointer and dial indicating process pressure.

Because the pressure gage is a purely mechanical device, it is essential to take care of three process circumstances. Temperature, vibration, and pulsation are the three factors that can adversely affect accuracy and performance.

Effects from Temperature

For each 100-degree temperature change from which the gage is calibrated, the user may encounter an extra reading error of up to 2 percent. The cause is the temperature shift in the bourdon tube element's elasticity or spring rate. Although the effects of ambient temperature are difficult to circumvent, we can address the effects of process temperature. In steam service, to dissipate process heat, the common practice is to install coil syphons or pigtail syphons. Another popular practice is to install a capillary diaphragm seal to separate the gage from the source of elevated heat. In the seal and capillary scheme, there are many choices available with fill liquid to withstand temperatures up to 600 degrees F. Many users choose to heat their instrumentation via electric trace or steam trace under severe cold ambient conditions. When choosing and implementing pressure gages, process and ambient temperature is a significant consideration.

Pressure snubbers
Pressure snubbers.
Effects from Vibration

Vibration due to pumps, motors and other rotating equipment may result in excess wear and potential premature failure of the internal working parts of a pressure gage, including the bourdon tube and the movement or gear mechanism. Due to pointer oscillation, vibration also causes difficulties in accurate reading of the gage. Exposure to constant vibration is one of the most prevalent causes of pressure gage failure. Applying and installing a liquid filled pressure gage is the most commonly accepted solution. Either glycerin or silicone is the filling fluid of choice. Liquid-filled case gages not only address pointer oscillation, but also safeguard and lubricate inner geared motion.

Effects from Pulsation

Pulsation of the process can occur around the pump discharge as well as rapid operating
Diaphragm seals
Diaphragm seals.
valves. Many consumers believe that pulsation will be completely addressed by fluid filling a pressure gage. While a liquid-filled case gauge helps to dampen the pulsation effects, this process condition is often not fully addressed. Upstream of the gauge socket, pulsation dampers are mounted and can be a piston-like snubber, a sintered metal snubber, or a threaded in-flow restrictor in the gauge socket. Another common practice for addressing pulsation is a needle valve installed upstream of the gage that is "pinched down" or slightly opened. Because the user could inadvertently open the valve and thereby negate the flow restriction, it is not recommended to rely solely on a needle valve to address pulsation. A threaded orifice / flow restrictor or a sintered metal snubber is the least expensive way to deal with pulsation in clean fluids (gases or clean low viscosity liquids).  A piston snubber is generally mounted in dirtier and greater viscosity liquids.

Conclusion

Three process conditions are temperature, vibration and pulsation that adversely affect a pressure gauge. Being aware of and taking the necessary steps to address these three process conditions can help minimize accuracy errors and add to the pressure gauge's service life.

For more information about the proper application of pressure instrumentation, contact Advance Instruments. by visiting https://advanceinstruments.com or by calling (888) 388-6446.